woensdag 8 september 2010

Chess Olympiad 2010 : History and facts of the Chess Olympiad

Chess Olympiad
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams from all over the world compete against each other. The event is organised by FIDE, which selects the host nation.

Birth of the Olympiad

The first Olympiad was unofficial. For the 1924 Olympics an attempt was made to include chess in the Olympic Games but this failed because of problems with distinguishing between amateur and professional players. While the 1924 Summer Olympics was taking place in Paris, the 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad also took place in Paris. FIDE was formed on Sunday, July 20, 1924, the closing day of the 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad.
FIDE organised the first Official Olympiad in 1927 which took place in London. The Olympiads were occasionally held annually and at irregular intervals until World War II; since 1950 they have been held regularly every two years.
Growth of Chess Olympiads

There were 16 participating nations in the 1st Chess Olympiad, 1927.

By the 37th Chess Olympiad, 2006, there were 133 participating nations.


The olympiad was created by a Maltese man by the name of 
Joseph Pisani-Rossi

Recognised sport

Chess is a recognized sport by the International Olympic Committee  with FIDE being the recognized International Sports Federation for chess since June 1999. As a member of the International Olympic Committee, FIDE adheres to its rules, including controversially having doping tests. The prospects of chess becoming an Olympic sporting event at some future date remain unclear. The naming of FIDE's team championship as the "Chess Olympiad" is of historical origin and implies no connection between this event and the Olympic Games.

Competition

Each FIDE recognized chess association can enter a team into the Olympiad (for the UK one team for each of the four countries plus Guernsey and Jersey can enter a team separately). Each team is made of up to six players, four regular players and two reserves (changed to four regular and one alternate in Dresden 2008. Initially each team played all other teams but as the event grew over the years this became impossible. At first team seeding took place before the competition. Later certain drawbacks were recognized with seeding and in 1976 a Swiss tournament system was adopted.
The trophy for winning the men's team is the Hamilton-Russell Cup, which was offered by the English magnate Frederick Hamilton-Russell as a prize for the 1st Olympiad (London 1927). The cup is kept by the winning team until the next event, when it will be consigned to the next winner. The trophy for the winning women's team is known as the Vera Menchik Cup the first Women's World Chess Champion.
The 2008 Olympiad was held in Dresden, Germany. The 2010 Olympiad is going to be held in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, and the 2012 Olympiad in Istanbul, Turkey. The bids for the 2014 Olympiad include Tromso, Norway  and Albena, Bulgaria.


Symbol of 6th Chess Olympiad in Warsaw 1935 by J.Steifer





Year
Event
Location
Gold
1924
1st unofficial Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad (individual)
                   Paris, France
Czechoslovakia 31
1926
2nd unofficial Chess Olympiad
The Team Tournament
(part of FIDE summit)
               Budapest, Hungary
Hungary 9
1927
           London, United Kingdom
Hungary 40
1928
          The Hague, Netherlands
Hungary 44
1930
           Hamburg, Germany
Poland 48½
1931
        Prague, Czechoslovakia
USA 48
1933
USA 39
1935
          Warsaw, Poland
USA 54
1936
3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad
non-FIDE unofficial Chess Olympiad
        Munich, Germany
Hungary 110½
1937
       Stockholm, Sweden
USA 54½
1939
Germany 36
1950
Yugoslavia 45½
1952
          Helsinki, Finland
USSR 21
1954
USSR 34
1956
USSR 31
1958
USSR 34½
1960
USSR 34
1962
      Varna, Bulgaria
USSR 31½
1964
      Tel Aviv, Israel
USSR 36½
1966
     La Habana, Cuba
USSR 39½
1968
USSR 39½
1970
USSR 27½
1972
USSR 42
1974
       Nice, France
USSR 46
1976
        Haifa, Israel
USA 37
1978
Hungary 37
1980
       Valletta, Malta
USSR 39
1982
USSR 42½
1984
USSR 41
1986
         Dubai, UAE
USSR 40
1988
USSR 40½
1990
USSR 39
1992
Russia 39
1994
      Moscow, Russia
Russia 37½
1996
Russia 38½
1998
        Elista, Russia
Russia 35½
2000
     Istanbul, Turkey
Russia 38
2002
      Bled, Slovenia
Russia 38½
2004
       Calviá, Spain
Ukraine 39½
2006
         Turin, Italy
Armenia 36
2008
Armenia 19
2010
2012
      Istanbul, Turkey

Best individual results in men's Olympiads

NOTES:
Only players participating to at least four Olympiads are considered in this table.
  • Medals indicated are only individual ones (not team), in the order gold - silver - bronze.
  • (1)  Kasparov played his first four olympiads for the USSR, the rest for Russia. Four gold   medals are for best-rating performance (first introduced at Thessaloniki 1984) and three for best score on first board.
  • (2)  Keres played his first three Olympiads for Estonia, the rest for the USSR.

# Player↓ Country↓ Olymp.↓ Games↓ Won↓ Drawn↓ Lost↓  % ↓  Medals ↓
1 Tal, MikhailMikhail Tal Soviet Union   Soviet Union
8
101 65 34 2 81.2 5 - 2 - 0
2 Karpov, AnatolyAnatoly Karpov Soviet Union   Soviet Union
6
68 43 23 2 80.1 3 - 2 - 0
3 Petrosian, TigranTigran Petrosian Soviet Union   Soviet Union
10
129 78 50 1 79.8 6 - 0 - 0
4 Kashdan, IsaacIsaac Kashdan United States   United States
5
79 52 22 5 79.7 2 - 1 - 2
5 Smyslov, VassilyVassily Smyslov Soviet Union   Soviet Union
9
113 69 42 2 79.6 4 - 2 - 2
6 Bronstein, DavidDavid Bronstein Soviet Union   Soviet Union
4
49 30 18 1 79.6 3 - 1 - 0
7 Kasparov, GarryGarry Kasparov Soviet Union   Soviet Union (1)
8
82 50 29 3 78.7 7 - 2 - 2
8 Alekhine, AlexanderAlexander Alekhine France   France
5
72 43 27 2 78.5 2 - 2 - 0
9 Matulovic, MilanMilan Matulovic Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia   Yugoslavia
6
78 46 28 4 76.9 1 - 2 - 0
10 Keres, PaulPaul Keres Soviet Union   Soviet Union (2) 
10
141 85 44 12 75.9 5 - 1 - 1
11 Geller, EfimEfim Geller Soviet Union   Soviet Union
7
76 46 23 7 75.6 3 - 3 - 0
12 Tarjan, JamesJames Tarjan United States   United States
5
51 32 13 6 75.5 2 - 1 - 0
13 Fischer, BobbyBobby Fischer United States   United States
4
65 40 18 7 75.4 0 - 2 - 1
14 Botvinnik, MikhailMikhail Botvinnik Soviet Union   Soviet Union
6
73 39 31 3 74.7 2 - 1 - 2
15 Flohr, SaloSalo Flohr Czechoslovakia   Czechoslovakia
7
82 46 28 8 73.2 2 - 1 - 1

Fischer and Tal at the 1960 Olympiad  
Bobby Fischer's score card from his round 3 game against Miguel Najdorf in the 1970 Chess Olympiad.


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